Mushroom batteries the energy source
The novel mushroom battery does not need a charging station, but nutrients to generate energy. Developed by Empa researchers, it is based on a microbial fuel cell that combines two types of fungi for the first time. Yeast fungi on the anode release electrons, while the cathode is colonised by the velvety tramete, whose enzymes capture and conduct these electrons. The battery is completely biodegradable, making it an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional energy storage systems.
The components of the mushroom battery are manufactured using 3D printing. The mushroom cells are incorporated directly into the printing ink. This special ink, developed on a cellulose basis, supports the growth of the mushrooms and is also electrically conductive. The manufacturing process places high demands. The ink must be biodegradable, easy to extrude and rich in nutrients without damaging the sensitive fungal cells.
Possible applications and potential
Although the mushroom battery only generates small amounts of electricity, it is sufficient to operate sensors in agriculture or environmental research for several days. The battery can be activated at the place of use by simply adding water and nutrients. After use, the materials decompose on their own due to the fungi.
Challenges and future plans
Working with living materials requires interdisciplinary knowledge from microbiology, materials science and electrical engineering. The researchers are planning to improve the performance and service life of the mushroom battery and to research other types of mushrooms as electricity suppliers. The aim is to develop an even more efficient, sustainable energy source.
Green biotechnology with wood and mushrooms
Wood, a renewable raw material, is also used by Empa for innovative applications. In addition to the mushroom battery, environmental sensors and green electronics made from cellulose fibres are being developed here. These projects promote the sustainable use of wood and fungi in materials science and contribute to the energy transition.